TREATMENT OVERVIEW

Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion

Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion (MISF) is an advanced surgical procedure used to stabilize the spine by fusing two or more vertebrae. Unlike traditional open surgery, this technique uses small incisions and specialized tools to access the spine, resulting in less muscle damage, reduced pain, and a significantly faster recovery.

Illustration of minimally invasive spinal fusion procedure showing small incisions and instrumentation
Patient undergoing a fluoroscopy-guided injection for pain management

Quick Facts

  • • Procedure Duration: 2-4 hours
  • • Hospital Stay: Typically 1-3 days
  • • Pain Relief Onset: Gradual improvement as fusion occurs
  • • Goal: Stabilize the spine, decompress nerves, reduce pain

PROCEDURE DETAILS

What Happens During MIS-Fusion?

You will be under general anesthesia. Your surgeon makes one or more small incisions (about 1-2 inches) near the affected spinal level. Using a device called a tubular retractor, the surgeon gently parts the muscles to create a small tunnel to the spine without cutting them.

Guided by real-time X-ray (fluoroscopy), the surgeon removes the damaged disc material to decompress any pinched nerves. A bone graft or a spacer (cage) packed with bone graft is inserted into the empty disc space.

Finally, the surgeon places screws and rods to stabilize the vertebrae, holding them in place while the bone graft heals and "fuses" the two bones into one solid piece over several months. The instruments are then removed, and the small incisions are closed.

TREATMENT ADVANTAGES

Benefits of a Minimally Invasive Approach

Compared to traditional open fusion, the MIS approach offers significant advantages by preserving muscle and soft tissue.

Smaller Incisions

Minimal scarring and less damage to surrounding skin and tissue compared to a large single incision.

Less Muscle Damage

Muscles are gently spread apart rather than being cut or stripped from the bone, leading to less post-operative pain.

Shorter Hospital Stay

Most patients can go home in 1-3 days, compared to 3-5 days for traditional open fusion.

Faster Recovery

Less muscle damage allows for a quicker and less painful rehabilitation, speeding your return to daily activities.

Reduced Blood Loss

The smaller incisions and minimal tissue disruption significantly reduce blood loss during the procedure.

High Precision

Advanced imaging and navigation tools provide your surgeon with a high-definition view for precise hardware placement.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

What are the Risks of Spinal Fusion?

Spinal fusion is a major surgical procedure. While the MIS technique reduces some risks, all surgeries have potential complications. Your surgeon will discuss these with you in detail.

Common Side Effects

  • Post-operative pain at the incision and fusion sites
  • Temporary muscle soreness and stiffness
  • Difficulty with mobility for the first few weeks
  • Temporary numbness or tingling near the incision

Rare Complications

  • Infection at the incision or deep in the spine
  • Nerve damage (new weakness, numbness, or pain)
  • Non-union (pseudarthrosis): the bones fail to fuse
  • Hardware (screw or rod) loosening or breakage
  • Blood clots in the legs (DVT)

Important: Your surgeon will review your specific condition, medical history, and imaging to determine if you are a candidate and to discuss your personal risk profile.

PREPARATION GUIDE

How to Prepare for Surgery?

Preparing properly for your surgery is a critical step toward a smooth procedure and successful recovery.

Medical Clearance

You will need pre-operative tests (blood work, EKG) and clearance from your primary care doctor to ensure you are fit for surgery.

Medication Review

Stop taking blood thinners (Aspirin, Plavix), NSAIDs (Ibuprofen), and certain supplements 1-2 weeks before surgery as instructed.

Stop Smoking

Nicotine severely inhibits bone fusion. You must stop smoking/vaping weeks before and after surgery for a successful outcome.

Arrange Home Support

You will need a ride home and help with meals, errands, and personal care for the first 1-2 weeks after surgery.

RECOVERY GUIDE

The Spinal Fusion Recovery Journey

Recovery is a gradual process that requires patience. The goal is a solid fusion and a return to an active life.

In the Hospital (1-3 Days)

The focus is on pain control and early mobility. A physical therapist will help you get out of bed, stand, and walk the day of or after surgery.

First Few Weeks at Home

Focus on rest and short, frequent walks. You must follow "BLT" precautions: No Bending, Lifting (over 5-10 lbs), or Twisting.

Weeks 6-12: Physical Therapy

After your surgeon confirms healing on X-rays, you will likely begin formal physical therapy to rebuild core strength, flexibility, and endurance.

3-6+ Months: Full Fusion

The bone fusion process continues for 6-12 months. Your surgeon will gradually clear you for more strenuous activities as the fusion becomes solid.

When to Contact Your Doctor

  • Signs of infection (fever, chills, redness/drainage at incision)
  • Sudden, severe increase in back or leg pain
  • New or worsening numbness, weakness, or loss of bowel/bladder control
  • Signs of a blood clot (swelling, redness, or pain in your calf)

Ready to Get Started?

Please don't hesitate to reach out and request an appointment. We look forward to meeting with you, addressing your concerns, and working together to enhance your quality of life.

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